Proving Photos Are Real in the Age of AI

A simple system: Take a picture. A unique fingerprint goes on a public blockchain. Anyone can verify it came from a real camera, not AI.

The Problem

AI-Generated Images Look Real

Modern AI can create photorealistic images that are indistinguishable from real photographs. How do you know what's real?

Metadata Gets Stripped

Social media platforms strip authentication data when you share images. Existing solutions like C2PA lose 95% of their metadata in real-world use.

Trustworthiness Is Obscured

Amid the sea of content both real and fake, journalists, photographers, and the public need a way to prove which images came from real cameras.

How It Works (3 Simple Steps)

Step 1: Take a Picture

Your camera captures the image and immediately creates a unique "fingerprint" (called a hash) of the raw sensor data. This happens automatically in the background.

Think of it like a DNA sample from the image—unique and unforgeable.

Step 2: Hash Goes on Public Ledger

That fingerprint is sent to a blockchain operated by journalism organizations, universities, and archives. They store it permanently in a public database.

No one stores your image—just the fingerprint. Your photo stays private.

Step 3: Anyone Can Verify

When someone sees your image online, they can check its fingerprint against the blockchain. If it matches, they know it came from a real camera at a specific time.

Works even if the image was converted, cropped, or shared on social media.

Current Status

✅ Phase 1: Hardware Prototype (Complete)

We've built and validated a complete working system using Raspberry Pi hardware:

  • ✅ Camera authentication from raw sensor to blockchain
  • ✅ Manufacturer validation system
  • ✅ Public blockchain (Substrate-based)
  • ✅ Verification interface
  • ✅ Storage optimization (69% reduction: 450 → 140 bytes/record)

Economics: Operating a blockchain node costs $200-350/year even at 1 million images per day, making it sustainable for journalism institutions.

🎥 Demonstration Video (Coming Soon)

We're producing a complete demonstration video showing the end-to-end workflow: capturing an image, submitting it for validation, and verifying it on the blockchain.

Roadmap: Beyond Photos

The same principles that authenticate photos can extend to other media types:

📹 Video Authentication

Hash individual frames or frame sequences to prove video came from real cameras. Detect deepfake insertions or frame manipulation.

Target: Phase 3

🎤 Audio Authentication

Validate audio recordings from microphone hardware. Detect AI-generated voices or manipulated speech.

Target: Phase 3

🖥️ Screenshot Authentication

Prove screenshots came from specific devices at specific times. Useful for documenting online content before deletion.

Target: Phase 4

Immediate Next Steps (Phase 2)

  • Android camera app: Native mobile implementation for photographers
  • User testing: 50-100 journalists and photographers pilot program
  • Developer SDKs: Tools for camera manufacturers and software developers
  • Performance optimization: Sub-100ms authentication overhead

Why Birthmark Standard?

🔓

Open Source

All code is public. No corporate secrets or proprietary control.

🛡️

Privacy First

Only image fingerprints are stored, never the images themselves. Photographers stay anonymous.

🌐

Decentralized

No single company controls the network. Multiple institutions operate blockchain nodes.

💰

Zero Fees

No gas fees, no transaction costs. Journalism organizations donate hosting as a public service.

🤝

C2PA Compatible

C2PA provides rich metadata. Birthmark provides backup when metadata gets stripped.

⛓️

Survives Metadata Loss

Works even when images are shared on social media, converted to different formats, or cropped.

Get Involved

For Photographers & Journalists

Join our pilot testing program. Help us understand authentication needs for your workflow.

Contact Us →

For Developers

Review the architecture, contribute code, or help with security audits.

View on GitHub →

For Manufacturers

Explore hardware integration opportunities and partnership possibilities.

Get in Touch →